Battery stores chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy. It consists of two electrodes (an anode & a cathode) separated by an electrolyte. The anode releases electrons during discharge, while the cathode accepts them. This flow of electrons creates an electric current. There are many types, commons are

• Lithium-ion (Li-ion): Offers high energy density, long lifespan & low self-discharge rate. These are the most demandable types around the world.
• Lead-acid: These are the oldest type of rechargeable battery. They are relatively inexpensive and readily available, but they have a lower energy density and lifespan than Li-ion batteries.
• Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH): These are a good alternative to Li-ion batteries for applications those are require high power output. They are more environmentally friendly than lead-acid batteries, but they have a lower energy density & lifespan.

Battery Management System (BMS) is an electronic system that monitors & controls a battery pack. Benefits of using BMS system

• Improved battery life: Extend the life of a battery pack by preventing damage from overcharging, over-discharging & other factors.
• Increased safety: A BMS can help prevent fires & explosions by protecting the battery pack form critical condition.
• Improved performance: This can optimize the performance of a battery pack by ensuring that each cell is operating at its best.
• Reduced maintenance: Helps to reduce the need for maintenance by monitoring the battery pack and alerting the user to any potential problems.